Customary & Metric Systems of Measurement

Beginning December 23, 1975, the U.S., Metric Conversion Act was signed declaring a national policy of encouraging the voluntary use of the metric system. Federal agencies are in the process of making a transition to the metric system for their business-related activities.

Today the metric system, or SI system (Systeme International d'Unites), exists side by side with the U.S. customary system, which dates back to colonial days but is different from the British Imperial System. The debate on whether the United States should adopt the metric system has been going on for nearly 200 years. Today the United States is the only country in the world not totally committed to adopting the system.

The metric system is often considered a simpler form of measurement in that it includes only seven base units for different types of measurement:

The unit of length is the meter
The unit of mass is the kilogram
The unit of temperature is the kelvin
The unit of time is the second
The unit of electric current is the ampere
The unit of light intensity is the candela
The unit of substance amount is the mole

All other metric units are derived from these units. For example, a newton, the unit of force, involves meters, kilograms, and seconds. A pascal, the unit of pressure, is one newton per square meter. Although the metric system was designed to fill all the needs of scientists and engineers, laypeople need know and use only a few simple parts of it.

The metric system is based on the decimal system and follows a consistent name scheme using prefixes. Multiples and submultiples are always related to powers of 10. For example, deka means ten times, hecto means a hundred times, kilo means a thousand times, mega means a million times, and so on; deci means a tenth of, centi means a hundredth of, milli means a thousandth of, micro means a millionth of, and so on.

 

Tables of Metric Weights and Measures

Linear Measurement
10 millimeters (mm) = 1 centimeter (cm)
10 centimeters = 1 decimeter (dm)
10 decimeters = 1 meter (m)
10 meters = 1 dekameter (dam)
10 dekameters = 1 hectometer (hm)
10 hectometers = 1 kilometer (km)
10 kilometers = 1 myriameter (mym)
Area Measure
100 sq. millimeters (mm2) = 1 sq. centimeter (cm2)
10,000 sq. centimeters = 1 sq. meter (m2)
100 sq. meters = 1 are (a)
100 ares = 1 hectare (ha)
100 hectares = 1 sq. kilometer (km2)
Fluid Volume Measure
10 milliliters (ml) = 1 centiliter (cl)
10 centiliters = 1 deciliter (dl)
10 deciliters = 1 liter (l)
10 liters = 1 dekaliter (dal)
10 dekaliters = 1 hectoliter (hl)
10 hectoliters = 1 kiloliter (kl)
Mass
10 milligrams (mg) = 1 centigram (cg)
10 centigrams = 1 decigram (dg)
10 decigrams = 1 gram (g)
10 grams = 1 dekagram (dag)
10 dekagrams = 1 hectogram (hg)
10 hectograms = 1 kilogram (kg)
1,000 kilograms = 1 metric ton (t)
Cubic Measure
1,000 cu. millimeters (mm3) = 1 cu. centimeter (cm3)
1,000 cu. centimeters = 1 cu. decimeter (dm3)
1,000 cu decimeters = 1 cu. meter (m3) = 1 stere
  

 

 

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  • SELECT `m`.`id`,`m`.`title`,`m`.`module`,`m`.`position`,`m`.`content`,`m`.`showtitle`,`m`.`params`,`mm`.`menuid` FROM `gls_modules` AS `m` LEFT JOIN `gls_modules_menu` AS `mm` ON `mm`.`moduleid` = `m`.`id` LEFT JOIN `gls_extensions` AS `e` ON `e`.`element` = `m`.`module` AND `e`.`client_id` = `m`.`client_id` WHERE ( ( (`m`.`published` = 1 AND `e`.`enabled` = 1 AND `m`.`client_id` = :clientId AND `m`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2)) AND (`m`.`publish_up` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_up` <= :publishUp)) AND (`m`.`publish_down` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_down` >= :publishDown)) AND (`mm`.`menuid` = :itemId OR `mm`.`menuid` <= 0) AND `m`.`language` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4) ORDER BY `m`.`position`,`m`.`ordering`2.15ms136.66KBParams/libraries/src/Cache/Controller/CallbackController.php:52Copy
  • SELECT `a`.`menutype`,`a`.`title` FROM `gls_menu_types` AS `a` WHERE `a`.`client_id` = 0129μs1.25KB/libraries/gantry5/src/classes/Gantry/Framework/Menu.php:138Copy
  • SELECT m.id, m.alias, m.path AS route, m.level, m.parent_id FROM gls_menu AS m WHERE m.menutype = 'mainmenu' AND m.parent_id > 0 AND m.client_id = 0 AND m.published >= 0 ORDER BY m.lft583μs31.55KB/libraries/gantry5/src/classes/Gantry/Framework/Menu.php:791Copy
  • SELECT `a`.`id`,`a`.`asset_id`,`a`.`title`,`a`.`type`,`a`.`execution_rules`,`a`.`state`,`a`.`last_exit_code`,`a`.`locked`,`a`.`last_execution`,`a`.`next_execution`,`a`.`times_executed`,`a`.`times_failed`,`a`.`priority`,`a`.`ordering`,`a`.`note`,`a`.`checked_out`,`a`.`checked_out_time`,`uc`.`name` AS `editor` FROM `gls_scheduler_tasks` AS `a` LEFT JOIN `gls_users` AS `uc` ON `uc`.`id` = `a`.`checked_out` WHERE `a`.`state` = :state AND `a`.`next_execution` <= :now ORDER BY `a`.`title` asc279μs4.45KBParams/administrator/components/com_scheduler/src/Model/TasksModel.php:391Copy
  • SELECT `a`.`id`,`a`.`asset_id`,`a`.`title`,`a`.`type`,`a`.`execution_rules`,`a`.`state`,`a`.`last_exit_code`,`a`.`locked`,`a`.`last_execution`,`a`.`next_execution`,`a`.`times_executed`,`a`.`times_failed`,`a`.`priority`,`a`.`ordering`,`a`.`note`,`a`.`checked_out`,`a`.`checked_out_time`,`uc`.`name` AS `editor` FROM `gls_scheduler_tasks` AS `a` LEFT JOIN `gls_users` AS `uc` ON `uc`.`id` = `a`.`checked_out` WHERE `a`.`state` = :state AND `a`.`locked` IS NOT NULL ORDER BY `a`.`title` asc1.19ms4.43KBParams/administrator/components/com_scheduler/src/Model/TasksModel.php:391Copy
  • SELECT * FROM `gls_extensions` WHERE `element` = 'com_gsd' AND `type` = 'component'248μs15.09KB/plugins/system/nrframework/NRFramework/Extension.php:124Copy
  • SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `gls_gsd_config`304μs2.23KB/libraries/vendor/joomla/database/src/Mysqli/MysqliDriver.php:584Copy
  • SELECT * FROM `gls_gsd_config` WHERE `name` = 'config'81μs944B/libraries/src/Table/Table.php:750Copy
  • SELECT `a`.`id`,`a`.`asset_id`,`a`.`title`,`a`.`alias`,`a`.`introtext`,`a`.`fulltext`,`a`.`state`,`a`.`catid`,`a`.`created`,`a`.`created_by`,`a`.`created_by_alias`,`a`.`modified`,`a`.`modified_by`,`a`.`checked_out`,`a`.`checked_out_time`,`a`.`publish_up`,`a`.`publish_down`,`a`.`images`,`a`.`urls`,`a`.`attribs`,`a`.`version`,`a`.`ordering`,`a`.`metakey`,`a`.`metadesc`,`a`.`access`,`a`.`hits`,`a`.`metadata`,`a`.`featured`,`a`.`language`,`fp`.`featured_up`,`fp`.`featured_down`,`c`.`title` AS `category_title`,`c`.`alias` AS `category_alias`,`c`.`access` AS `category_access`,`c`.`language` AS `category_language`,`fp`.`ordering`,`u`.`name` AS `author`,`parent`.`title` AS `parent_title`,`parent`.`id` AS `parent_id`,`parent`.`path` AS `parent_route`,`parent`.`alias` AS `parent_alias`,`parent`.`language` AS `parent_language`,ROUND(`v`.`rating_sum` / `v`.`rating_count`, 1) AS `rating`,`v`.`rating_count` AS `rating_count` FROM `gls_content` AS `a` INNER JOIN `gls_categories` AS `c` ON `c`.`id` = `a`.`catid` LEFT JOIN `gls_content_frontpage` AS `fp` ON `fp`.`content_id` = `a`.`id` LEFT JOIN `gls_users` AS `u` ON `u`.`id` = `a`.`created_by` LEFT JOIN `gls_categories` AS `parent` ON `parent`.`id` = `c`.`parent_id` LEFT JOIN `gls_content_rating` AS `v` ON `a`.`id` = `v`.`content_id` WHERE ( (`a`.`id` = :pk AND `c`.`published` > 0) AND (`a`.`publish_up` IS NULL OR `a`.`publish_up` <= :publishUp)) AND (`a`.`publish_down` IS NULL OR `a`.`publish_down` >= :publishDown)453μs25.38KBParams/components/com_content/src/Model/ArticleModel.php:215Copy
  • SELECT a.* FROM gls_gsd a WHERE a.state = 1 AND a.plugin = 'content' AND a.appview IN ('article','*') AND a.language IN ('en-GB','*') ORDER BY a.id desc168μs2.45KB/libraries/src/MVC/Model/BaseDatabaseModel.php:165Copy
  • SELECT count(id) FROM gls_users WHERE id = '994'74μs872B/plugins/system/nrframework/NRFramework/User.php:67Copy
  • SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `gls_users`323μs4.7KB/libraries/vendor/joomla/database/src/Mysqli/MysqliDriver.php:584Copy
  • SELECT * FROM `gls_users` WHERE `id` = :userid101μs4.73KBParams/libraries/src/Table/User.php:104Copy
  • SELECT `g`.`id`,`g`.`title` FROM `gls_usergroups` AS `g` INNER JOIN `gls_user_usergroup_map` AS `m` ON `m`.`group_id` = `g`.`id` WHERE `m`.`user_id` = :muserid198μs1.71KBParams/libraries/src/Table/User.php:132Copy
  • SELECT a.* FROM gls_gsd a WHERE a.state = 1 AND a.plugin = 'menus' AND a.appview IN ('menus','*') AND a.language IN ('en-GB','*') ORDER BY a.id desc167μs2.05KB/libraries/src/MVC/Model/BaseDatabaseModel.php:165Copy
  • SELECT m.item_id as id, m.item_id, m.description as metadescription, m.description, m.title as metatitle, m.title FROM gls_osmeta_metadata m WHERE m.item_id='27' AND m.item_type='4'99μs1.11KB/administrator/components/com_osmeta/library/Free/Container/AbstractContainer.php:140Copy